two new types of rings defined by using a translational invariant fuzzy subset定义两个新的类型的戒指用平移不变量模糊子集.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Fuzzy Systems Volume 2010, Article ID 258947, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2010/258947 Research Article Two New Types of Rings Defined by Using a Translational Invariant Fuzzy Subset Manal Ghanem Department of Mathematics, Irbid National University, P.O. Box 2600, Irbid 21110, Jordan Correspondence should be addressed to Manal Ghanem, dr mghanem@ Received 4 March 2010; Revised 16 June 2010; Accepted 10 August 2010 Academic Editor: Eyke Huellermeier Copyright © 2010 Manal Ghanem. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We use a translational invariant fuzzy subset p of a ring R to define two new types of commutative rings namely, p -presimplifiable and p -associate rings. We present some results of these rings. The interest of these results is that most of them are mirrors of corresponding results of presimplifiable and associate rings in classical ring theory. 1. Introduction (4) If R1 and R2 are integral domains and R3 is a ring with epimorphisms f : R → R , i = 1, 2, which are not i i 3 Throughout this paper, all rings are assumed to be commu- isomorphisms, then the pullback P of R1 → R3 ← R2 is tative with unity. If R is a ring, then J (R), nil(R), Z (R) and presimplifiable if and only if f −1(1) ⊆ U(R ), i = 1, 2; see