shannon entropy analysis of the genome code香农熵分析基因组的代码.pdf

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 132625, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2012/132625 Research Article Shannon Entropy Analysis of the Genome Code J. A. Tenreiro Machado Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Engineering of Polytechnic Porto, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal ´ Correspondence should be addressed to J. A. Tenreiro Machado, jtm@isep.ipp.pt Received 24 February 2012; Revised 8 April 2012; Accepted 10 April 2012 Academic Editor: Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber Copyright q 2012 J. A. Tenreiro Machado. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper studies the chromosome information of twenty five species, namely, mammals, fishes, birds, insects, nematodes, fungus, and one plant. A quantifying scheme inspired in the state space representation of dynamical systems is formulated. Based on this algorithm, the information of each chromosome is converted into a bidimensional distribution. The plots are then analyzed and characterized by means of Shannon entropy. The large volume of information is integrated by averaging the lengths and entropy quantities of each species. The results can be easily visualized revealing quantitative global genomic information. 1. Introduction Genome sequencing produced a huge volume of information that is now available for compu- tational processing. Deschavanne et al. 1 explored DNA structures of genomes by means of a tool derived from the chaos dynamics. Murphy et al. 2 studied the genome sequences of four species to infer early events