smart grid, smart controllers and home energy automation—creating the infrastructure for future智能电网、智能控制器和家庭能源automation-creating未来的基础设施.pdf

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2012, 3, 165-174 165 /10.4236/sgre.2012.33024 Published Online August 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/sgre) Smart Grid, Smart Controllers and Home Energy Automation—Creating the Infrastructure for Future Abhishek Khanna Power Networks, ATKINS Plc, Leeds, UK. Email: Abhishek.khanna@ Received January 5th, 2012; revised April 5th, 2012; accepted April 12th, 2012 ABSTRACT Integration of unpredictable renewable power sources into the Grid is leading to the development of wide area control algorithms and smart grid. Smart meters are the first step in the building a smart consumer interface. Much more, how- ever, would be required in building a smart grid than just smart meters. This paper explores the conceptual architecture of smart grid. It highlights the need for additional infrastructure to realize full potential of smart grid. The information presented in this paper is an attempt to uncover what the future in smart grid could be and what infrastructure would be required to tap its potential. As smart grid evolves, more functionality would be built in the constituents. The paper also proposes mathematical basis for some of the controller algorithms. Keywords: Smart Grid; Home Energy Automation; Smart controller; Smart Grid Control Centre 1. Introduction A grid essentially consists of Generation System, Trans- mission (and Subtransmission) system, Distribution Sys- tem and the Consumers. The domain of each of these constituents cannot be strictly defined in terms of generic definitions. In a smart grid all the four subsystems of the grid are smart or intelligent. In a conventional grid all these entities are linked together through components like cables, transmission lines and transformers which allow flow of electrical energy. In smart grid