13 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance：13水和电解质平衡.ppt

* * Figure 24.6.3 Buffer systems can delay but not prevent pH shifts in the ICF and ECF * * Figure 24.7.1 The homeostatic responses to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis involve respiratory and renal mechanisms as well as buffer systems * * Figure 24.7.2 The homeostatic responses to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis involve respiratory and renal mechanisms as well as buffer systems * * Figure 24.7.3 The homeostatic responses to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis involve respiratory and renal mechanisms as well as buffer systems * * Figure 24.7.4 The homeostatic responses to metabolic acidosis and alkalosis involve respiratory and renal mechanisms as well as buffer systems * * Figure 24.8.1 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance * * Figure 24.8.2 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance * * Figure 24.8.3 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance * * Figure 24.8.4 Respiratory acid-base disorders are the most common challenges to acid-base balance CLINICAL MODULE 24.8: Respiratory acid-base disorders Respiratory acid-base disorders Respiratory acidosis CO2 generation outpaces rate of CO2 elimination at lungs Shifts bicarbonate buffer system toward generating more carbonic acid H2O + CO2 ? H2CO3 ? H+ + HCO3– HCO3– goes into bicarbonate reserve H+ must be neutralized by any of the buffer systems Respiratory (increased respiratory rate) Renal (H+ secreted and HCO3– reabsorbed) Proteins (bind free H+) Figure 24.8 1 The events in respiratory acidosis CARBONIC ACID–BICARBONATEBUFFER SYSTEM BICARBONATE RESERVE Lungs CO2 CO2 ? H2O H2CO2(carbonic acid) H? ? HCO3? (bicarbonate ion) HCO3? ? Na? NaHCO3(sodium bicarbonate) When respiratory activity does not keeppace with the rate of CO2 generation,alveolar and plasma PCO2 increases.This upsets the equilibrium and drivesthe reaction to the right, generatingadditional H2CO3, which releases H?