英文写作——表明观点.ppt

CLARIFYING POINTS: The Basics What does it mean to CLARIFY? To make clear or easier to understand To explain something more simply To make an idea less confusing To remove ambiguity Example = Sometimes I may talk about things in class that you do not understand, and so I encourage you all to ask me to clarify anything that is confusing. When would you ask for a clarification? If… you simply did not hear what was said you did not understand the meaning you would like person to be more straightforward you would like person to be more specific you want more information on subject How do you ask for a Clarification? “I’m sorry, could you please repeat that? I could not hear you.” “I don’t understand. Could you rephrase that?” “Could you be more specific?” “I’m not sure what you mean. Could you give me an example?” “I get the gist of what you are saying, but could you please give me more information?” “What exactly are you saying?” How do YOU clarify a point? Use simpler language Smaller more common words Shorter sentences Repeat your Main Point Give examples Think about your audience Put yourself in their shoes. How does listener perceive what you are saying? How could you better express your idea? Examples: 1) What you are saying is completely inaccurate. In other words…You are wrong. 2) I am so unbelievably famished that without a nibble of food I think I might starve! In other words…I am hungry! 3) After controlling for various factors, the team found that drinking two or more colas a day — whether artificially sweetened or regular — was linked to a twofold risk of chronic kidney disease. In other words…Drinking a lot of cola increases the risk of kidney disease. 4) Any Democrat who seriously thinks that Bill Clinton will fade away if Hillary wins the presidency is a Democrat who, as the man said, believes in fairy tales. In other words…Bill Clinton will not be silent if Hillary is President. Clarifying