上课用 语言学06--Chapter_Six_Language_and_Cognition.pptVIP

Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition 1. What is Cognition? Mental processes, information processing Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. The formal approach: structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. The psychological approach: language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. The conceptual approach: how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. Related fields Structural linguistics Cognitive psychology Anthropology Neurosciences Six subjects of research Language acquisition (L1 / L2) Language comprehension Language production Language disorders Language and Thought Neurocognition 2.1 Language Acquisition Holophrastic stage Language’s sound patterns Phonetic distinctions in parents’ language. One-word stage: objects, actions, motions, routines. Two-word stage: around 18m Three-word-utterance stage Give doggie paper. Put truck window. Tractor go floor. Fluent grammatical conversation stage Embed one constituent inside another: Give doggie paper. ? Give big doggie paper. Use more function words: missing function words and inflection in the beginning but good use (90%) by the age of 3, with a full range of sentence types. All parts of all language are acquired before the child turns four. 3. Cognitive Linguistics Cognition is the way we think. Cognitive linguistics is the scientific study of the relation between the way we communicate and the way we think. It is an approach to language that is based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it. Three main approaches The Experiential View The Prominence View The Attentional View Experiential view Car: a box-li