化学有机判断（Chemical organic judgment）.docVIP

化学有机判断（Chemical organic judgment） High school chemistry, organic matter: how do you determine the reaction between a 1mol substance and a few molNaOH or a few mol hydrogen and Br? ? Common methods for solving organic inference questions are: 1. according to the nature of inferring functional groups, such as: material can make the reaction material and fade bromine containing carbon carbon triple bond, both -CHO and phenol; silver mirror reaction can occur in the material containing -CHO; can react with sodium substance containing -OH; and the sodium bicarbonate respectively. Melting liquid and sodium carbonate solution reaction substance containing -COOH; can be hydrolyzed to produce alcohol and carboxylic acid ester substances. 2. according to the nature and the number of functional groups according to relevant data, such as: -CHO, 2Ag, Cu20; 2-0H, H2; 2-COOH (CO32-), CO2 3. according to the product of some reactions to infer the functional position, such as: (1) to the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or carboxylic acids, -OH must be connected to the 2 hydrogen atoms on carbon atoms; the oxidation of alcohols to ketones, -OH connected to only one hydrogen atom on the carbon atom. (2) the position of -OH or -X can be determined by the product of the elimination reaction. (3) the carbon chain structure can be determined by the number of substituted products. (4) the carbon skeleton by hydrogenation, can be identified as C=C or C = C position. The ability to click: by some typical hydrocarbon derivatives (ethane, acetic acid, ethanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, fatty acid, glycerol ester, polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones, amino acids etc.) as an example, to investigate the role of Guan Nengtuan in the organic matter. The main properties of master Guan Nengtuan and the main chemical reaction, and can produce series of contract principle apply. Note: hydrocarbon derivatives is the core content of middle school organic chemistry, in all kinds of hydrocarbon derivat