化学选修4总结（Chemistry elective 4 Summary）.docVIP

化学选修4总结（Chemistry elective 4 Summary） High school chemistry elective 4 knowledge summary The first chapter, chemical reaction and energy conversion The essence of chemical reactions is the breaking and formation of chemical bonds of reactants and the formation of chemical bonds. Chemical reactions are accompanied by the release or absorption of energy. First, the thermal effect of chemical reaction 1. The heat of chemical reaction (1) the concept of heat of reaction: When a chemical reaction takes place at a certain temperature, the heat released or absorbed by the reaction is called the thermal effect of the reaction at this temperature, or heat of reaction. Expressed in symbolic Q. (2) the relation between reaction heat and endothermic reaction and exothermic reaction. When Q 0, the reaction is endothermic; when Q 0, the reaction is exothermic. (3) determination of heat of reaction The instrument for measuring the heat of reaction is a calorimeter, which can measure the change of the temperature of the solution before and after the reaction. According to the heat capacity of the system, the reaction heat can be calculated. The formula is as follows: Q = C (T2T1) In the formula, C represents the heat capacity of the system, and T1 and T2 indicate the temperature before and after reaction, respectively. The laboratory often measures the heat of neutralization reactions. 2. Enthalpy change of chemical reaction (1) reaction enthalpy change The energy of matter is an inherent property of matter. It can be described by the physical quantity called enthalpy. The sign is H, and the unit is kJ, mol-1. The difference between the total enthalpy of the reaction product and the total enthalpy of the reactant is called the enthalpy change, expressed in Delta H. (2) the relationship between enthalpy of reaction, Delta H and reaction heat Q. To carry out chemical reactions under isobaric conditions, if the energy change in the reaction of all substances into heat, heat the reac