分子生物学课程教学讲义 朱玉贤（Lecture notes on molecular biology, Zhu Yuxian）.docVIP

分子生物学课程教学讲义 朱玉贤（Lecture notes on molecular biology, Zhu Yuxian） Lecture notes on molecular biology, Zhu Yuxian The first lecture Two. Major milestones in modern molecular biology Molecular biology is the study of nucleic acid, protein and other biological macromolecules in all forms, structure characteristics and its importance, regularity and the relationship between science and human at the molecular level really reveal the secrets of the biological world, by nature to passively adapt to the basic disciplines of active reorganization and transformation of nature. When people realize the continuity between different generations of the same biological is decided by genetic material carried by the organism itself, scientists to reveal the genetic code to become part of the human conquest of nature, and to study the molecular biology as the modern society quickly became the most dynamic science in biological macromolecules. Put forward the cell theory from 1847 Schleiden and Schwann proved that animals and plants are made up of cells to today, although only one hundred years of time, we of biological macromolecules -- cell chemical composition has a deep understanding. Mendels genetic law first made people have a rational understanding of the inheritance of traits, while Morgans genetic theory further coupled traits with genes and became the cornerstone of molecular genetics. The double helix model of deoxyribonucleic acid proposed by Watson and Crick paves the way for fully revealing the transmission law of genetic information. In protein chemistry, after Sumner in 1936 confirmed that the enzyme is protein, the primary structure of Sanger by paper electrophoresis and chromatography for the first time in 1953 to clarify the insulin, creating a precedent for protein sequence analysis. While Kendrew and Perutz by using the analytic method of X ray diffraction (myoglobin) and hemoglobin myoglobin (hemoglobin) three-dimensional structure, discusses the special functions o