【金榜新学案】人教必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists第四学时.pptVIP

Great scientists 第四学时　Grammar 过去分词作定语和表语 一、学习过去分词作定语，同学们应该着重注意以下几点： 1．单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前，如： polluted water, broken vase, the affected person It is an organized activity. 这是一次有组织的活动。 注：单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。 (1)He is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被绑架的人之一。 (2)There was nobody invited here. 这儿没有人被邀请。 (3)There’s almost nothing changed since I left the village two years ago. 自我两年前离开以来，这个村几乎没有什么变化。 2．过去分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。 (1)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但是他一想到要帮助那些霍乱病患者时，就变得很振奋。 (2)The boy named Tom is my brother. 那个名叫汤姆的男孩是我弟弟。 3．过去分词作定语与定语从句的关系。 (1)及物动词的过去分词表示已完成的动作，且含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为被动形式的定语从句。如： A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.(＝A letter which/that was posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.) 今天寄出的信他后天就能收到。 (2)部分不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成，不含有被动意义，可转换为谓语动词为完成时态的定语从句。如： ①He is a retired worker.(＝ He is a worker who has retired.)他是一个退休工人。 ②We saw the risen sun, full of hope.(＝We saw the sun which/that had risen, full of hope.) 我们看着已升起的太阳，心中充满了希望。 a returned sailor ＝ a sailor who has returned 退役士兵 developed countries＝countries which have developed 发达国家 ③You can see many fallen leaves on the ground. 你可以看到地上有很多落叶。 ④We can’t drink boiling water, but we can drink boiled water. 我们不能喝正开的水，但可以喝开水。 二、过去分词作表语 　过去分词作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。 用作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成或主语的状态。此时的过去分词相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。 The book is broken.那书破了。 The house is crowded.这房子很拥挤。 All the mountains are covered with snow. 群山被积雪覆盖。 表示感觉的一些过去分词(disappointed，excited，surprised，pleased等) 及其他一些过去分词(lost，known，married，bent，dressed，drunk，devoted，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。此时后面多跟at, with, in, from等介词短语。 As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends. 当我们加入人群后，我跟我的朋友们失散了。 Our car got trapped in the mud. 我们的车陷在泥中． Later they found that they were lost. 后来他们发现迷路了。 The happy time is gone forever. 那快乐时光一去不复返了。 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1．The guests left the