地图距离估算（Map distance estimation）.doc

地图距离估算（Map distance estimation） The distance measured on the map is horizontal, while the field is always uneven, and the actual distance is often greater than the horizontal distance. Therefore, in calculating the field distance, the measured distance on the map should be fitted with a proper correction. Orienteering is usually corrected by empirical data based on the degree of relief of the landscape (see table). Correction factor of terrain type 10%-15% Hilly land, 15%-20% General mountain 20%-30% The formula is: field distance = horizontal distance + horizontal distance * correction factor The color of the object symbols In order to improve the map expression ability, special Orienteering with different colors to represent terrain map with different contents, the general principle is: blue water; Brown said the undulating ground; green vegetation; other content in black. Use blue, yellow, or special symbols for restricted areas or insurmountable obstacles. Figure 4 monochrome map symbol properties distinguish - The distinction between contour lines and small stream symbols. Contour lines are usually made up of several disjoint curves, and there is a certain combination law. The small brook symbol in the hilly and the general contour line overlap; and some symbols connected upstream end point is not connected to the pond, pond symbol more and more fine lines; and Xiaohegou symbols above most of them have some bifurcation, bridges, culverts and other symbols; the copy from the original monochrome map, color contour depth ratio. The distinction between contour lines and big road symbols. The two have no regularity, or intersect, or parallel in relation. Carts generally pass through residential areas. A monochrome image copied from the original picture, with a larger symbol color than a contour line, and the line is slightly wider than the basic contour. The distinction between contour lines and reservoir symbols. In the water color symbol on the color or monochrom