calling by concluding sentinels coordinating cooperation or revealing risk调用结束哨兵协调合作或暴露的风险.pdfVIP

Calling by Concluding Sentinels: Coordinating Cooperation or Revealing Risk? ´ 1 2¤a 3¤b 3 4 Linda I. Hollen *, Matthew B. V. Bell , Alexis Russell , Fraser Niven , Amanda R. Ridley , Andrew N. Radford1 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Pied Babbler Research Project, Kuruman River Reserve, Vanzylsrus, Northern Cape, South Africa, 4 Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa Abstract Efficient cooperation requires effective coordination of individual contributions to the cooperative behaviour. Most social birds and mammals involved in cooperation produce a range of vocalisations, which may be important in regulating both individual contributions and the combined group effort. Here we investigate the role of a specific call in regulating cooperative sentinel behaviour in pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor). ‘Fast-rate chuck’ calls are often given by sentinels as they finish guard bouts and may potentially coordinate the rotation of individuals as sentinels, minimising time without a sentinel, or may signal the presence or absence of predators, regulating the onset of the subsequent sentinel bout. We ask (i) when fast-rate chuck calls are given and (ii) what effect they have on the interval between sentinel bouts. Contrary to expectation, we find little evidence that these calls are involved in regulating the pied babbler sentinel system: observations revealed that their utterance is influenced only marginally by wind conditions and not at all by habitat, while observations and experimental playback showed that the