computer simulation of cellular patterning within the drosophila pupal eye计算机模拟细胞模式的果蝇蛹的眼睛.pdfVIP

Computer Simulation of Cellular Patterning Within the Drosophila Pupal Eye 1. 2. 3 4 3 2 David E. Larson , Ruth I. Johnson , Maciej Swat , Julia B. Cordero , James A. Glazier , Ross L. Cagan * 1The Genome Center at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, 2 Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, New York, United States of America, 3 Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America, 4 The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Colorectal Cancer and Wnt Signaling Group, Glasgow, United Kingdom Abstract We present a computer simulation and associated experimental validation of assembly of glial-like support cells into the interweaving hexagonal lattice that spans the Drosophila pupal eye. This process of cell movements organizes the ommatidial array into a functional pattern. Unlike earlier simulations that focused on the arrangements of cells within individual ommatidia, here we examine the local movements that lead to large-scale organization of the emerging eye field. Simulations based on our experimental observations of cell adhesion, cell death, and cell movement successfully patterned a tracing of an emerging wild-type pupal eye. Surprisingly, altering cell adhesion had only a mild effect on patterning, contradicting our previous hypothesis that the patterning was primarily the result of preferential adhesion between IRM- class surface proteins. Instead, our simulations highlighted the importance of programmed cell death (PCD) as well as a previously unappreciated variable: the expan