defence responses of arabidopsis thaliana to infection by pseudomonas syringae are regulated by the circadian clock拟南芥感染的防御反应两受生物钟.pdfVIP

Defence Responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to Infection by Pseudomonas syringae Are Regulated by the Circadian Clock 1 2 1 1 1 Vaibhav Bhardwaj , Stuart Meier , Lindsay N. Petersen , Robert A. Ingle *, Laura C. Roden 1 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa, 2 Division of Chemistry, Life Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia Abstract The circadian clock allows plants to anticipate predictable daily changes in abiotic stimuli, such as light; however, whether the clock similarly allows plants to anticipate interactions with other organisms is unknown. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has circadian clock-mediated variation in resistance to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), with plants being least susceptible to infection in the subjective morning. We suggest that the increased resistance to Pst DC3000 observed in the morning in Col-0 plants results from clock-mediated modulation of pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. Analysis of publicly available microarray data revealed that a large number of Arabidopsis defence-related genes showed both diurnal- and circadian-regulation, including genes involved in the perception of the PAMP flagellin which exhibit a peak in expression in the morning. Accordingly, we observed that PAMP-triggered callose deposition was significantly higher in wild-type plants inoculated with Pst DC3000 hrpA in the subjective morning than in the evening, while no such temporal difference was evident in arrhythmic plants. Our results suggest that PAMP-triggered immune responses are modulated by the cir