distribution of a knockdown resistance mutation (l1014s) in anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis in western and southern kenya击倒的分布电阻突变(l1014s)在冈比亚疟蚊党卫军和疟arabiensis在肯尼亚西部和南部.pdfVIP

Distribution of a Knockdown Resistance Mutation (L1014S) in Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis in Western and Southern Kenya 1 1 3 3 3 4 Hitoshi Kawada *, Kyoko Futami , Osamu Komagata , Shinji Kasai , Takashi Tomita , George Sonye , 5 5 6 1,2 1 Cassian Mwatele , Sammy M. Njenga , Charles Mwandawiro , Noboru Minakawa , Masahiro Takagi 1 Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, 2 The Global Center of Excellence Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, 3 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, 4 Springs of Hope, Mbita, Kenya, 5 Eastern and Southern Africa Center of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya, 6 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract In Kenya, insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) distributed to pregnant women and children under 5 years old through various programs have resulted in a significant reduction in malaria deaths. All of the World Health Organization- recommended insecticides for mosquito nets are pyrethroids, and vector mosquito resistance to these insecticides is one of the major obstacles to an effective malaria control program. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis are major malaria vectors that are widely distributed in Kenya. Two point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (L1014F and L1014S) are associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to DDT and pyrethroids in An. gambiae s.s. While the same point m