ecosystem engineering by seagrasses interacts with grazing to shape an intertidal landscape通过海草生态系统工程与放牧塑造一个潮间带环境.pdfVIP

Ecosystem Engineering by Seagrasses Interacts with Grazing to Shape an Intertidal Landscape 1 ¨ 2,6,7 3 4,5 2 Tjisse van der Heide *, Johan S. Eklof , Egbert H. van Nes , Els M. van der Zee , Serena Donadi , 1 1 2 Ellen J. Weerman , Han Olff , Britas Klemens Eriksson 1 Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 2 Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 3 Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 4 Department of Marine Ecology, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands, 5 Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of ¨ Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, 6 Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebackskil, Sweden, 7 Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Self-facilitation through ecosystem engineering (i.e., organism modification of the abiotic environment) and consumer- resource interactions are both major determinants of spatial patchiness in ecosystems. However, interactive effects of these two mechanisms on spatial complexity have not been extensively studied. We investi