在健康方面全球不公平.doc

Global Inequalities in Health 在健康投资上全球的不公平性 One cornerstone基础 of justice司法 and equality公正 is equal capability to achieve health (Sen 2002). Those whose lives are cut short by unequal economic and social conditions are subject to a brutal inequality. For this reason, measures of survival, such as life expectancy, have justly become key indicators 指标of social progress. We examine five aspects of health inequality: 1) inequalities of life and death between countries, 2) causes of death 3) disease prevalence, 4) health care spending. 5) inequalities within countries 一个国家的正义与平等的基础是公民能够平等的获得健康(森2002)。由于经济的不平等使他们的生命缩短了和社会地位不同遭受残酷的不平等。因为这个原因,生存的衡量,如寿命, 衡量社会进步，公正成为重要指标。我们调查五个方面的健康不平等:1) 在生存和死亡之间国与国的不平衡,,2)死亡原因3)疾病的发病率,4)卫生保健的花费。五) 国家之间的不平等 Inequalities of life and death between countries 在国家之间出生与死亡是不平衡的 A child born in Swaziland is nearly 30 times more likely to die before the age of five than a child born in Sweden. (There are 119 deaths per thousand births in Swaziland compared to four in Sweden.) A child in Cambodia is 17 times more likely to die in its first five years than a child in Canada. These are differences between average child mortality rates in those countries. Inequalities within countries (described below) mean that the difference between the mortality of poor children in Swaziland and of rich children in the US is considerably larger. Inequalities of life expectancy, infant mortality and under five mortality are examined in Life and death -- inequalities between countries. 一个孩子出生在斯威士兰的死亡率近30倍，在五岁前死亡，比一个孩子出生在瑞典， (每千出生有119‰人的死亡在斯威士兰，, 和瑞典相比，在瑞典是4‰。)一个孩子在柬埔寨17倍在其第一个五年死亡,比一个孩子在加拿大。这些都是普通的孩子的死亡率之间的差异,在那些国家。在国家的不平等(下述)意味着区别贫困儿童的死亡率在斯威士兰和丰富的孩子在美国相当大。不等式,寿命,五岁以下的婴儿死亡率和死亡率都放在生死国与国之间的不平等 Causes of death Worldwide, one death in three is from a communicable disease (see figure), yet almost all these deaths occur in the Third World. The relative infrequency of death due to communicable disease in the industrialized world shows what world health equality could ach