that 宾语从句.docxVIP

宾语从句中that一般情况可省 ,但也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。具体如下：宾语从句1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2． 构成：关联词+简单句从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。(that省略)注:宾语从句中that一般情况可省 ,但that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present participle）的区别 所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语 所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund. ??? 当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present participle.它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分 1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语. ??? This is water(n.). ??? It is transparent(adj). ??? 这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund. 反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle. ??? The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring. ??? One of the best exercises is swimming. ?2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了. 动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系. ??? a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for sleeping ??? a sleeping child??? = a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作) ? (呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧! ??? a swimming girl ??? a swimming pool3. 最后来解释修饰他们到底该用是adv, 还是adj. ?? 无论是Present participle. 还是gerund, 它们都叫做动词的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它们时,多把它们混为一谈).也就是说它们都有动词的特点,故而都可用adv修饰. ??? eg: Reading a novel intently, I didn’t realize he came in. (reading, 现分作状语, 用adv intently修饰) ??? eg: My dream is speaking English perfectly. (speaking动名词,副词perfectly修饰.) ??? 但gerund不仅有动词的特点,它也有名词的特点,这就决定了它也可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词来修饰. ??? Would you mind my(物主代词) sitting here? ??? The mellow(愉快的, 形容词) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring在英语教学过程中，不少学生会混淆动名词