它们都是合成色氨酸必需的原料Whentryptophanpresent.PPT

The Lac Operon:When Neither Lactose Nor Glucose Is Present Repressor Promoter LacY LacA LacZ Operator CAP Binding CAP cAMP CAP cAMP CAP cAMP Bind to me Polymerase RNA Pol. Repressor Repressor mRNA Hey man, I’m constitutive Repressor STOP Right there Polymerase Alright, I’m off to the races . . . Come on, let me through! 乳糖操纵子的正调控(catabolite repression) When glucose absent Adenylate cyclase is active and cAMP levels are higher CAP binds, lac operon transcription level increases When glucose present Adenylate cyclase 腺苷酸环化酶） is inhibited and cAMP levels are low。 CAP does not bind, transcription of the lac operon is very low C A B Summary A: RNA polymerase B: lac repressor C: CRP-cAMP Glucose/lactose Repressor/operator binding cAMP-CAP/promoter 5. The trp operon Structure five genes encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of tryptophan Leader Trp operator Trp promoter Trp repressor lies upstream of the trp operon 当环境中存在可利用的色氨酸时，细菌会减少和停止自身的合成，通过Trp 操纵子来实现这种阻遏。 3.4.1.2 Tryptophan Metabolism in E. coli: A Repressible Gene System trpE、D、C、B和A分别编码： 邻氨基苯甲酸合成酶的ε和δ亚基、吲哚甘油磷酸合成酶、色氨酸合成酶的β和α链。它们都是合成色氨酸必需的原料。 When tryptophan present Tryptophan binds to trp repressor enabling it to binds to trp operator Obstruct binding of RNA polymerase to the trp promoter Prevent transcription （变构） When tryptophan absent Trp repressor is incapable of binding to trp operator, transcription proceeds 6. Attenuation（衰减作用） Expression level is finely tuned.（与翻译过程相偶联的转录调控模型） Structure of attenuator（衰减子的结构） Trp mRNA: 14 codons followed by a stop codon, two consecutive trp codons Trp L: including four complementary sequences which can form two stem-loop structures. The small one terminates transcription （ρ-factor independent terminator）, while the large one not. 终止信号 抗终止信号 If levels of tryptophan are adequate Trp mRNA is translated, ribosome prevents formation of larger stem-loop, transcription ends If tryptophan is lacking The ribosome will be stalled as it translates the coding r