5.7 Forced Mechanical Vibrations University of （5.7迫使大学机械振动）.pdfVIP

5.7 Forced Mechanical Vibrations 223 5.7 Forced Mechanical Vibrations The study of vibrating mechanical systems continues. The main exam- ple is a system consisting of an externally forced mass on a spring with dampener. Both undamped and damped systems are studied. A num- ber of physical examples are given, which include the following: clothes dryer, cafe door, pet door, bicycle trailer. Forced undamped motion The equation for study is a forced spring–mass system mx′′ (t) + kx(t) = f (t). The model originates by equating the Newton’s second law force mx′′ (t) to the sum of the Hooke’s force −kx(t) and the external force f (t). The physical model is a laboratory box containing an undamped spring– mass system, transported on a truck as in Figure 11, with external force f (t) = F0 cos ωt induced by the speed bumps. k Figure 11. An undamped x = 0 spring-mass system in a box is x 0 m transported on a truck. Speed bumps on the shoulder of the road induce periodic vertical oscillations to the box. The forced equation takes the form x′′ (t) + ω2 x(t) = F0 cos ωt, ω0 = k/m. 0 m The natural frequency ω0 corresponds to free oscillation of the mass, that is, the number of full periods of oscillation per second for the spring– mass system when no external force is present. The external frequency ω is the number of full periods of oscillation per second of the external force f (t) = F0 cos ωt. In the case of Figure 11, this is the vertical force applied to the box containing th