Energy Performance of Buildings Directive BRE （建筑能效指令的信徒）.pdf

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive The Buildings Energy Performance Directive1 (EPBD) was approved on 16 December 2002 and brought into force on 4 January 2003. The principal objective of the Directive is to promote the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the EU through cost-effective measures. There are four main aspects to the EPBD. 1) Establishment of a calculation methodology: Member States must implement a methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings, taking account of all factors that influence energy use; 2) Minimum energy performance requirements: there must be regulations that set minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings and for large existing buildings when they are refurbished; 3) Energy performance certificate: there must be an energy performance certificate made available whenever buildings are constructed, sold or rented out; 4) Inspections of boilers and air-conditioning: there must be regulations to require inspections of boilers and heating systems (or an alternative system of providing advice as discussed below), and inspection of air conditioning systems. Calculation methodology The specification of a calculation methodology is central to the Directive as it impinges on the requirements both for building regulations and for energy performance certificates. The Directive does not specify a detailed calculation methodology, leaving it up to Member States to define the details, but it does clarify that the methodology is one that embraces the overall energy performance of the building, inclusive of its services. Specifically it says that the methodology shall include at least the following aspects: (a) thermal characteristics of the building (shell and internal partitions, etc.) which may also include air-tightness; (b) heating installation and hot water supply, including their insulation characteristics; (c) air-conditioning installation; (d) ventil