FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES （燃气涡轮发动机的基础）.pdf

FUNDAMENTALS OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES INTRODUCTION The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the airplane. THE GAS TURBINE CYCLE The basic principle of the airplane turbine engine is identical to any and all engines that extract energy from chemical fuel. The basic 4 steps for any internal combustion engine are: 1. Intake of air (and possibly fuel). 2. Compression of the air (and possibly fuel). 3. Combustion, where fuel is injected (if it was not drawn in with the intake air) and burned to convert the stored energy. 4. Expansion and exhaust, where the converted energy is put to use. In the case of a piston engine, such as the engine in a car or reciprocating airplane engine, the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust steps occur in the same place (cylinder head) at different times as the piston goes up and down. In the turbine engine, however, these same four steps occur at the same time but in different places. As a result of this fundamental difference, the turbine has engine sections called: 1. The inlet section 2. The compressor section 3. The combustion section (the combustor) 4. The turbine (and exhaust) section. The turbine section of the gas turbine engine has the task of producing usable output shaft power to drive the propeller. In addition, it must also provide power to drive the compressor and all engine accessories. It does this by expanding the high temperature, pressure, and velocity gas and converting the gaseous energy to mechanical en