Sampling Michigan Technological University（抽样密西根科技大学）.pdf

CM3820.2009.Sampling.doc Last Updated: January 14, 2009 4:42 PM Sampling References: • Taggart, Handbook of Mineral Dressing, Wiley, 1945, Section 19 • Allen, Particle Size Measurement, Chapman and Hall, 1981 • Khan, Thesis, Bradford University, 1968 Introduction: Sampling procedures cover the practice of selecting representative quantities of test material in the field, to evaluate bulk materials. Examples of the test materials are bulk granular solids, slurries, sludges, grains, and solid fuels. It is necessary to be able to sample bulk materials during shipment and during processing operations. Taggart (1945) defined sampling as: “The operation of removing a part convenient in size for testing, from a whole which is of much greater bulk, in such a way that the proportion and distribution of the quality to be tested (e.g. specific gravity, metal content, recoverability) are the same in both the whole and the part removed (SAMPLE).” Thus with respect to the samples, it is very important that the sample be representative. In reality, the condition that the sample be completely representative of the whole as regards all aspects except bulk, is never fulfilled when heterogeneous materials are sampled. For instance, you can never get a perfectly representative sample of water from Lake Superior. You may even ask what good it is or what purpose such a sample would serve. It is important, before collecting a sample, to decide what the purpose of the sample would be, and then plan the sampling procedure accordingly so that it will be sufficiently representative for your purposes. Very often, when the material changes with time or with exposure to air, it is required that the sample also be fresh. Samples which are known to degrade, oxidize, or change on contact with air or water should be sealed in a tan