Schrodinger equation in three dimensions （薛定谔方程在三维空间中）.pdf

Schrodinger equation in three dimensions The stationary Schrodinger equation in three dimensions is a partial dierential equation involving three coordinates per particle. The mathematical complexity behind such an equation can be intractable by analytical means. However, there are certain high-symmetry cases when it is possible to separate variables in some convenient coordinate system and reduce the Schrodinger equation to one-dimensional problems. The simplest example of variable separation is a particle in innitely deep three dimensional quantum well. Let the potential be zero inside a block with edges , , and innite outside: otherwise We immediately note that this function can be written as a sum of three one-dimensional functions: otherwise The Schrodinger equation can be expressed as a sum involving individual coordinates: Whenever the operator acting on the unknown function can be expressed as a sum of operators involving individual coordinates, the solution for the function has the form of a product: Now, the one-variable functions , and are unknown. We substitute in the Schrodinger equatio