Seven wastes Glasgow Caledonian University（七个废物格拉斯哥喀里多尼亚大学）.pdf

  Seven wastes Description Waste is defined as any activity that does not add value to the customer or that the customer is not willing to pay for. Waste occurs in every process and in organisation. No matter how effective or efficient a process may be, some level of waste is always present. Taichi Ohno, often referred to as the father of the Toyota Production System, identified seven forms of waste that exist in a process: • Waiting Time – time spent waiting between activities • Transport – movement between activities • Component design – effectiveness of the tool in meeting its intended purpose • Inventory – number of items of work at each activity step • Over Production – any effort or output that exceeds the customer expectation • Motion – movement within each activity • Defective goods – outputs that do not meet the customer expectation The continuous identification and removal of waste is at the heart of continual improvement and operational excellence. Where to use • To reduce cycle time • To increase profitability • to search for quick wins before focusing on detailed improvement projects • As a framework for the continual identification and removal of waste How to use 1. Define the end-to-end process 2. Identify the customer from whose perspective waste is to be considered 3. Walk through the process following the flow of the unit of work 4. Identify t