Shop Safety with the Machine Lathe UNB（车间安全机器车床超窄带）.pdf

Shop Safety with the Machine Lathe Introduction The machine lathe is a very important tool. It is said that the lathe is capable of producing all other machine tools because it can perform a great variety of operations. But the lathe is also a very dangerous machine as there are a lot of high speed moving parts. It is paramount that the lathe is operated at all times to prevent injury and possible death. This report is intended to help you operate the machine lathe safely. 1.0 Function of the Machine Lathe 1.1 Principle of operation All the lathes in the shop are driven by electric motors that, through gearing, rotate a chuck holding the piece of metal (stock) to be turned. The gearing in the newer models are tooth to tooth connected, while the older models are belt connected. By shifting gears you can produce different speeds of rotation for the chuck. The speeds required are determined by the type of material, operation, and type of cutting being done. The metal is mounted and secured in a 3 or 4 jawed chuck. Prior to turning the lathe on, the chuck is rotated by hand to ensure freedom of movement. Longer pieces, like shafts, are supported by a turning centre also known as a live centre or a dead centre, one that can not turn, in the tail stock (Fig. 1) during cutting. For additional support a steady rest and a follower rest can be added to the lathe (Fig. 2). The tail stock can also mount drills as well as centres. The lathe carriage (Fig. 3) is the centre of the operation and is where the carbon tool bit is mounted in the tool rest. In our shop, the supervisor will grind these tool bits for our use or help you to grind one that is