Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Augusta （简谐运动(SHM)奥古斯塔）.pdfVIP

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Overview (Ref p368) Terminology for Periodic Motion  Period (T) • The time, in seconds, it takes for a vibrating object to repeat its motion – seconds per vibration, oscillation or cycle  Frequency (f) • The number of vibrations made per unit time – vibration, oscillation or cycles per second (Hz)  T = 1/f • The relationship is reciprocal  Amplitude (A or x) • The displacement from rest position Simple Harmonic Motion 2 SHM - Description  An object is said to be in simple harmonic motion if the following occurs: • It moves in a uniform path. • A variable force acts on it. • The magnitude of force is proportional to the displacement of the mass. • The force is always opposite in direction to the displacement direction. • The motion is repetitive and a round trip, back and forth, is always made in equal time periods. Simple Harmonic Motion 3 SHM Visually  Examples • Spring • Pendulum Simple Harmonic Motion 4 SHM – Hooke’s Law  SHM describes any periodic motion that results from a restoring force (F) that is proportional to the displacement (x) of an object from its equilibrium position.  Frest= - kx, where k = spring constant  Note: • Elastic limit – if exceeded, the spring does not return to its original shape  Law applies equally to horizontal and vertical models Simple Harmonic Motion 5 Hooke’s Law – Horizontal Springs  At max displacement (2 4), spring force and acceleration reach a maximum and velocity (thus KE) is zero.