questions问题sub-questions次问题typeof.ppt

IPDET Chapter 6: Developing Evaluation Questions Starting the Design Matrix 模块6：制定评价问题设计矩阵 Introduction引言 Sources of Questions 问题来源 Three Types of Questions 三类问题 Identifying and Selecting Questions 提出和选择问题 Keys for Developing Good Evaluation Questions 制定好的评价问题的诀窍 Suggestions for Developing Questions 制定问题的建议 Evaluation Design 评价设计 Evaluation Questions评价问题 Give direction to an evaluation 为评价指明方向 Critical element to help make decisions 是帮助决策的关键要素 State what you want to learn 说明你想要了解的东西 Must be in terms you can measure 必须用你能够测量的话语来表达 Sources问题的来源 Issues and questions of main client and key stakeholders 主要客户和利益相关者的问题 Program/project documents, e.g. decision papers, mid-term evaluation report 项目/计划文件，如决议书、中期评价报告 Evaluation approaches or frameworks 评价方法或框架 Major issues identified in evaluation studies done by others of similar programs/projects 他人进行类似计划/项目的评价时发现的主要问题 Professional standards, checklists, guidelines, instruments, or criteria developed or used elsewhere 其它地方制定的或使用的专业标准、核查清单、指南、工具或标准。 Views and knowledge of expert consultants 咨询专家的观点和知识 The evaluator’s own professional judgment 评价人员自己的专业判断 Three Types三类问题 Descriptive questions 描述性问题 Normative questions 规范性问题 Cause-Effect questions 因果性问题 Descriptive Questions描述性问题 Represent “what is” 描述“是什么” Characteristics: 特点： seek to understand or describe a program or process 试图了解或描述一个计划或过程 provide a snapshot of what is 给出所要描述事情的“快照” are straightforward questions, such as: 是直接了当的问题，例如： who? what? where? when? how? how much/many? 谁？什么？在哪里？什么时候？怎么样？多少？ can be used to describe: 可以用于描述： inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes 投入、活动、产出、成效 Examples of Descriptive Questions描述性问题的例子 Who receives the program? 计划的受施对象是谁？ What are the characteristics of the program? 计划的特点是什么？ Where is the program delivered? 计划在什么地方实施？ When was the program implemented? 计划在什么时候实施？ How do the participants feel about the program? 参与者对计划的感觉如何？ How much did the program cost? 计划的成本是多少？ How