Structure, Defects and Properties of Finished （结构、缺陷和完成的属性）.pdfVIP

MME 6203, Lecture 03 Structure, Defects and Properties of Finished Castings 2. Linear contraction, hot tear and cold crack and residual stresses Today’s Topics  Linear contraction in casting  Hot tear  Cold crack  Residual stress 1 Linear Contraction in Casting  When the casting has cooled sufficiently to develop some coherence as solid, then further cooling will cause the casting to start to contract as a whole. A casting develops its solid-like character when  the casting developed a solid skin (for short-freezing-range alloys), or  a coherent skeleton of solid dendrites is developed (for long-freezing-range alloys)  Since the casting fits the mould rather well, both the casting and the mould yield due to this contraction.  Distorted casting can usually be straightened, whereas uniformly oversized or undersized castings are scrapped. Uniform Contraction  Adequate contraction allowance (or patternmaker’s shrinkage allowance) must be included while designing the pattern so that the casting finishes at the correct size at room temperature.  Usually a patternmaker uses a ruler whose scale is expanded by the correct amount so that he could read the dimension directly. This limited him to a specific contraction value. Allowances for aluminium castings  Normal casting – 5/32 inch per foot , or 1 in 77 (1.30 %)  Casting with large internal core – 1/8 inch per foot, or 1 in 96 (1.04 %)  Casting such as sump and thin-walled casting – 0.6 % 2  In an era of “near net shape” product manufacturing, using an exact contraction allowance is very critical.  use of a