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Suicide Assessment SAD PERSONS Cape Fear (自杀评估伤心人角恐惧)
Suicide Assessment
SAD PERSONS
Prediction of suicide is never easy. However, there are known risk factors, and
cumulatively they may offer a better accuracy of prediction for suicidal risk. One method
goes under the acronym SAD PERSONS. It was originally described by Patterson et al
(1) and has been reviewed by Juhnke (2). Juhnke also adapted the scale for kids (3).
S: Sex. Men are more likely to commit suicide than women. Males kill themselves about
four times more often, although females make far more attempts.
A: Age. The ages which are most dangerous for suicide vary over time. You should
consult current statistics. As this is being written in 2006 individuals 1524 have an
elevated risk. Suicide is the third leading cause of death in this age group. However,
estimates exist which suggest that people this age making attempts outnumber actual
suicides by a ratio of 100400 times.
Males over age 75 are also known to be at high risk. Current demographics suggest
that women in the 4554 age group are highest, but females in older or younger age
ranges are not that different. After age 65 individuals as a whole have an attempt to
completed suicide rate of about 2:1. Up to age 65, it is about a 7:1 ratio.
D: Depression. The suicide rate for those who are clinically depressed is about 20 times
greater than for the general population. Hopelessness is one aspect of depression that
has a close tie to suicide. These two issues, depression and hopelessness, are the
strongest predictors of wishes for a hastened death.
P: Prior History. Roughly 80% of completed suicides were preceded by a prior attempt.
E: Ethanol abuse. Alcohol and/or drug abuse increase risk.
R: Rational thinking loss. Psychosis (‘I heard a voice saying I should kill myself’)
increases risk. Some estimates suggest that 204
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