生物催化剂（Biocatalyst）.doc

生物催化剂（Biocatalyst） Biocatalyst.Txt Biocatalysis is the rate of changing (usually accelerating) chemical reactions using biocatalysts (enzymes or microorganisms). Biocatalyst is the general term of free or immobilized cells, free or immobilized enzymes, which catalyze the process of biological reactions. Features: first, the efficiency is extremely high. Two, highly specific. Three, mild conditions. Four, clean and environmental protection At present, biocatalysis process has a great impact on the chemical industry, and the global enzyme market is about 1O billion US dollars. In the traditional aspects of microbial and enzymatic processes have been used for bio derived materials, now extended to petroleum derived materials, and chiral enzyme is widely used in organic synthesis and microbial desulfurization of diesel drug, as disproportionation agent in the reaction. In the production of small molecules of drugs and intermediates, the most striking difference between biotransformation and conventional chemical methods is the ability to synthesize chiral compounds very efficiently. As biocatalyst is a kind of protein based catalyst, its catalytic activity is easily affected by temperature and pH. With the increase of temperature, the reaction speed, but above a certain temperature (usually 45 ~ 5O C), protein denaturation will, the reaction rate will be decreased rapidly; it is also only in a limited range of pH value reaction, so each enzyme has its optimum temperature and pH value. However, some industrial processes need to be carried out under certain temperature, pressure, pH value or organic solvent. Therefore, the biological catalyst is required to be more tolerant to meet the needs of industrial production. At present, the application of biocatalysis is mainly limited to the presence of suitable biocatalysts, and the ideal biological catalysts can be obtained by using modern screening technology. The screening of biocatalysts and the wide application of biocatal