生物名词解释1（Biological terms 1）.doc

生物名词解释1（Biological terms 1） *1, stress: any organism can react to external stimuli. An advantageous stimulus; an avoidance of adverse stimuli. *2 and reflex: the regular response of humans and animals to various stimuli in the body and the environment as a result of the involvement of the nervous system. Chemical constituents of cells 3. Protoplasm: the living substance in the cell. Its main components are proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Cells are made up of protoplasm. The small protoplasm that makes up cells divides into cell membranes, cytoplasm, and nuclei. 4. Combine water: water exists in two forms in cells. A part that is associated with other substances in the cell, called bound water. Binding water is a component of cellular structure. 5. Free water: most of them exist in free form. They can flow freely. They are called free water. *6, condensation: amino acid molecules combined with each other is a carboxyl amino acids (COOH) and another amino acid molecules of amino (- NH2) connected at the same time, lose a molecule of water, this combination is called condensation. *7, the key to connect two peptide molecules of amino acids (NH, CO) is called a peptide bond. 8 and two peptides: a compound composed of two amino acid molecules called two peptides. 9, by more than one polypeptide: compound amino acid molecules condensed with multiple peptide bonds, called peptides. 10 nucleic acids: nucleic acids are originally extracted from the nucleus and are acidic and therefore called nucleic acids. 11, deoxyribonucleic acid: nucleic acids can be divided into two categories: one is containing deoxyribonucleic acid, called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. 12, ribonucleic acid: another is containing ribose, called ribonucleic acid, referred to as RNA. Structure and function of cells *13 and microstructure: the cellular structure observed in ordinary light microscopy. *14 and submicroscopic structure, also known as ultrastructure. The microscopic structure of cells tha