胶原和明胶（collagen and gelatin）.doc

胶原和明胶（collagen and gelatin） collagen and gelatin Collagen is a unit of biological collagen fiber and a protein. Gelatin is a local hydrolysate of collagen. Collagen is found in all multicellular animals. In invertebrates, at least 10 doors are known to have collagen, but these collagens differ somewhat in sex with mammalian collagen. Whether protozoa contains collagen is not yet final. Collagen is particularly high in vertebrate skin, bone, cartilage, and arterial walls. Human or other animal collagen accounted for 25 ~ 30% of total protein quality, its function is to connect the main tissues and organs (including special force support (tendon), body weight of bone and cartilage), protecting the body (skin), and to help guide the formation of tissue differentiation and organ function during ontogenesis. Many diseases are related to collagen, such as atherosclerosis, cirrhosis and so on. If the biosynthesis of collagen disorders, can cause bone defect is a serious disease caused by collagen; some other collagen diseases such as Danlos syndrome, epidermal necrolysis etc.. The metabolism of collagen is usually slow, but in some cases, the biosynthesis of collagen is often active, such as the growth and development of moving objects and the repair after tissue injury. The chemical nature of collagen. Organisms first synthesize procollagen, which is composed of subunits of about 3 molecular weights of about 120 thousand. Procollagen is hydrolyzed by a special aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase to remove a short peptide chain at the amino terminus and carboxyl end, which is then converted into procollagen. Collagen is cross-linked to mature collagen via cross-linking of amino acid chains. These cross linking reactions are usually an addition reaction between the oxidation products of lysine side chains and other amino acid side chains. The amino acid composition of collagen is very characteristic, glycine is about 1/3, and it has 11% alanine, 12% proline and 9% hydroxypr