Introductory Chemistry, 2nd Edition Nivaldo Tro：化学导论，第二版尼瓦尔多周转率.ppt

* Practice—Calculate the Amount of Heat Released When 7.40 g of Water Cools from 49° to 29 °C Practice—Calculate the Amount of Heat Released When 7.40 g of Water Cools from 49° to 29 °C, Continued q = m ? Cs ? DT Cs = 4.18 J/g??C (Table 3.4) The unit and sign are correct. T1 = 49 °C, T2 = 29 °C, m = 7.40 g q, J Check: Check. Solution: Follow the concept plan to solve the problem. Solution Map: Relationships: Strategize Given: Find: Sort Information Cs m, DT q * * * * * * * * * Law of Conservation of Mass Antoine Lavoisier “Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.” The total amount of matter present before a chemical reaction is always the same as the total amount after. Butane(丁烷) + oxygen ? carbon dioxide + water 58 grams + 208 grams ? 176 grams + 90 grams 266 grams = 266 grams * Law of Conservation of Energy “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.” The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. There is no process that can increase or decrease that amount. Note: neither Mass nor Energy are ever destroyed * Energy The Fundamental Principle of the Universe is Energy From the Greeks to Newton to Quantum Mechanics Energy is known as the capacity to do work and is simply calculated by knowing the mass and velocity of a particle. The harder you swing an ax the faster you can fall a tree. Guess what happens when you walk into a wall .005 mph or 500 mph * Energy: it’s just Mass and Velocity Electrical Kinetic energy associated with the flow of electrical charge. Heat or Thermal Energy Kinetic energy associated with molecular motion. Light or Radiant Energy Kinetic energy associated with energy transitions in an atom. Nuclear Potential energy in the nucleus of atoms. Chemical Potential energy in the attachment of atoms or because of their position. You take slow moving particles and make them move faster * To get Energy (electrical, thermal, light, nuclear, chemical) As slow m