西方病残预防模式的历史演变与历史经验-中国残疾人联合会.pdfVIP

Theoretical Discussion / 理论研讨/ 西方病残预防模式的 历史演变与历史经验 ■左芙蓉 摘要 【 】本文从世界医学史、公共卫生史和社会福利制度史角度，运用文献回顾方法，首次系统总结世 界病残预防模式演变规律。人类病残预防模式由原始社会的适者生存、优胜劣汰，古希腊罗马的市政工程， 中世纪的口岸检疫和防疫制度，近代的古典预防医学、公共卫生运动和疫苗研制等模式，战略升级为现代的 优生优育与计划生育、妇幼保健与营养、医疗保险与工伤保险制度、疾病预防与社会预防、出生缺陷干预与 筛查、新型公共卫生、环境保护运动、生活质量与社会指标运动、反贫困政策与福利制度建设、伤害预防与 社会保护、健康教育与健康促进模式，反映人类由事后病残治疗康复转为病残预防和早期干预，由单纯生物 医学治疗转为社会医学病残预防，由人群单项病残预防转为社会系统性预防，由社区、民族、人群、国家为 基础的国家病残预防转为地区和全球为基础国际残预防模式历史过程和普世规律，反映世界病残预防模式的 演变规律、历史经验和发展趋势。 关键词 【 】病残成因 ；健康危险因素 ；病残预防模式 ；残疾人福利 ；历史经验 Historical Development and Experience of Disease and Disability Prevention Model in the West ZUO Fu-rong 【 】With the method of literature review, this paper summarized the history of world medicine, Abstract public health and social welfare and brought forward evolution rules of disease and disability prevention model. This model has evolved from survival of the fittest In primitive society, public works in ancient Greece and Rome, port quarantine and epidemic prevention in Middle Ages, and the classical preventive medicine and public health movement and vaccination development in modern age. Then it has upgraded to contemporary healthy pregnancy and scientific nurture and family planning, maternal and child health care and nutrition, medical and employment injury insurance, disease prevention and social intervention, birth defect screening and intervention, new type of public health, environmental protection movement, quality of life and social indicator movement, anti-poverty policy and social welfare system construction, injury prevention and social protection, and health promotion and health education. It reflects historical process and universal rules of human being from the negative disease and disability