影像的定义.PPT

影像的定義 一般以繪圖、相片或銀幕的顯示，敘述影像的存在。 它代表了空間訊息(information)，有實質的意義內涵。 世間有更多視而不見的物體、只因為它們不具任何意義。 有時也能看到不存在影像。 更有主觀性的錯覺。 An image is: A non-uniform distribution of energy or matter“ Types: Aerial Dose Latent Developed 針 孔 映 像 幻 覺 影 像 ? Generalized (cognition) representation of Multi-Dimensional information 座 標 Conventional system {x,y} perpendicular to propagation direction “z” or “s” along propagation axis 方 式 Image description Pixels and Field: Patterns: ensemble of contiguous non-zero value pixels Image analysis Mathematical description Information content Independent of image carrier (energy, material) Limited by pixel size (Shannon) Digital Images Continuous images A(x,y;s;t) are sampled on a regular grid Size of grid unit cell defines the “pixel” Main definitions Image size: Nx by Ny (pixels) Image resolution: dX by dY (cm) Image field: Lx by Ly (cm) 點光源與展體影像 全 真 映 像(paraxial) The sinc function This function’s information encoded in the spatial domain, not in the frequency domain. 光學系統解像率 鑑別率測試靶 Johnson 鑑別定義 Johnson 實驗數據 TARGET RESOL. / MIN. DIMEN. IN LINE PAIRS SIDE VIEW DETEC. ORIENT. RECOG. IDENTIF. TRUCK 0.90 1.25 4.5 8.0 M-48 TANK 0.75 1.20 3.5 7.0 STALIN TANK 0.75 1.20 3.3 6.0 CENTURION 0.75 1.20 3.5 6.0 HALF-TRACK 1.00 1.50 4.0 5.0 JEEP 1.20 1.50 4.5 5.5 COMMAND 車 1.20 1.50 4.3 5.5 SOLDIER(站立) .50 1.80 3.8 8.0 105 砲 1.00 1.50 4.8 6.5 AVERAGE 1.0?.25 1.4 ?.35 4.0 ?.8 6.4 ? 1.5 Digital implementation 影 像 處 理 Why should an image be processed prior to analysis? It suffers from noise It fails to highlight the particular feature in which we are interested In image processing, we remove noise unnecessary features whil