The Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes（碳纳米管的电子性质）.pdf

The Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Philip G. Collins1 and Phaedon Avouris2 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697-4576, USA collinsp@ 2 IBM Research Division, T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA avouris@ This chapter provides a broad overview of the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, primarily from the point of view of the properties of individual, isolated tubes. The chapter is organized according to the increasing levels of complexity found in nanotube electronics. First, the parent material graphite is briefly introduced, followed by a discussion of the electronic properties of individual, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Next, the experimentally observed properties of both metallic and semiconducting SWNTs are discussed in detail. An introduction to many-body effects and optoelectronic properties of SWNTs is also provided. Towards the end of the chapter, more complex nanotubes and nanotube aggregates are discussed, since these types of samples derive many of their characteristics from SWNT properties. The chapter concludes with a short survey of near-term applications which take advantage of nanotube electronic properties. I. Introduction Carbon nanotubes, first observed by Endo (1, 2), have attracted a great deal of scientific attention as a unique electronic material. Immediately following Iijima’s detailed observations (3), theoretical models started appearing predicting unusual electronic properties for this novel class of materials. Unlike other m