The Impact of New Technologies on Scale in …（新技术的影响在规模上u2026）.pdf

The Impact of New Technologies on Scale in Manufacturing Industry: Issues and Evidence By Ludovico Alcorta UNU/INTECH Working Paper No. 5 June 1992 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. A Simple Conceptual Framework 3 2.1 Some Basic Definitions: Scale and Scope 3 2.2 Technical Change, Costs, and Optimal Scale 5 3. The Impact of New Technologies on Manufacturing Industry: 11 The ’Modern Technology’ Literature View 4. Are New Technologies ’De-Scaling’? 15 4.1 The Product Dimension of Scale 15 4.2 The Plant Dimension of Scale 17 4.3 The Firm Dimension of Scale 24 5. Some Additional Considerations: ’New Industries’ 31 and ’Third Italy’ 5.1 ’New Industries’ 31 5.2 Third Italy 32 6. Conclusions 37 Endnotes 39 Bibliography 43 iii 1. INTRODUCTION Developments in the fields of microelectronic, information and organisation technologies have led to a host of innovations which seem to be radically changing the nature of manufactu