THE MMPI2 AND MMPI2RF by Yossef S. Ben （MMPI2和MMPI2RF Yossef美国本）.pdf

THE MMPI-2 AND MMPI-2-RF by Yossef S. Ben-Porath, Ph.D. First published in 1943, the MMPI (and its subsequent versions) has for many years been the most widely used and researched personality assessment instrument. A survey found that 90% of law enforcement agencies in California alone included the MMPI as part of their psychological screening. (Drees et al., 2003). The test has undergone two major revisions, yielding the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Both revisions, currently available for use in peace officer candidate screening, incorporate the Restructured Scales (RC) and the Personality Psychopathology Five Scales (PSY-5). The MMPI-2 is a 567-item self-report measure of personality and psychopathology (Butcher, Graham, Ben-Porath, Tellegen, Dahlstrom, Kaemmer, 2001), consisting of eight Validity Scales, ten Clinical Scales, and 15 Content Scales (Table 1). Additional scales and subscales include 15 Supplementary Scales, 28 Harris-Lingoes Subscales, three Social Introversion Subscales, and 27 Content Component Scales. Detailed information about the test can be found in secondary interpretive sources, such as Graham (2012) and Greene (2011). Two major sets of scales (the RC and PSY-5) have been added to the MMPI-2 since the test was first published in 1989. RC Scales. To aid in their interpretation, Tellegen, et al. (2003) restructured the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales to reduce the high degree of intercorrelation among them. They did so by identifying a factor that accounted for much of the common variance across the Clinical Scales: Demoralization. Tellegen, et al. (2006) have described Demoralization as entailing high negative affect, the absence of positive affect, and a general sense of helplessness, low self esteem, and inefficacy. When Demoralization was factored out of the Clinical Scales, nine Restructured Clinical