线程与进程的比较.PPT

4.*/23 Chapter 4: Threads Overview Multithreading Models Concept of Thread A thread is a basic unit of CPU utilization; it comprises a thread ID, a program counter , register set, and a stack. It shares with other threads belonging to the same process its code section, data section, and other operating-system resources, such as open files and signals. A traditional (or heavyweight) process has a single thread of control. If a process has multiple threads of control, it can perform more than one task at a time. 线程是进程中的一个实体，是被系统独立调度和分派的基本单位。线程自己基本上不拥有系统资源，只拥有一点在运行中必不可少的资源（程序计数器、一组寄存器和栈），但它可与同属一个进程的其他线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源。 P127 Single and Multithreaded Processes Motivation An application typically is implemented as a separate process with several threads of control. A web browser might have one thread display images or text while another thread retrieves data from the network A word processor may have a thread for displaying graphics, another thread for responding to keystrokes from the user, and a third thread for performing spelling and grammar checking in the background. P127 Motivation a single application may be required to perform several similar tasks. a web server accepts client requests for web pages, images, sound, and so forth. A busy web server may have several (perhaps thousands) of clients concurrently accessing it. If the web server ran as a traditional single-threaded process, it would be able to service only one client at a time. The amount of time that a client might have to wait for its request to be serviced could be enormous. Two solution for web server When the server receives a request, it creates a separate process to service that request. Process creation is time consuming and resource intensive more efficient to use one process that contains multiple threads. multithread the web-server process. The server would create a separate thread that would listen for client requests; when a request was made, rather than creating another process, the