初等数学研究第二章结果解析.docVIP

习题二 1. 2. 3.解: 设4 x 4 ? 4 px 3 + 4qx 2 ? 2 p (m + 1)x + (m + 1) = 2 x 2 + ax + b .则有 2 2 ( ) 4 x 4 ? 4 px 3 + 4qx 2 + 2 p (m + 1) x + (m + 1) 2 = 4 x 4 + 4ax 3 + (4b + a 2 ) x 2 + 2abx + b 2 ? - 4 p = 4a ? 4q = 4b + a 2 ? ∴? ?2 p (m + 1) = 2ab ? (m + 1) 2 = b 2 ? ? p = ?a ? 1 ∴ ?q = a 2 + b 4 ? m = ?n ? 1 ? 4.证明: (1)因1, λ , λ2 , λ3 , λ4 是方程x 5 ? 1 = 0的5个互异的根 又x5?1=(x?1) x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 = ( x ? 1) F ( x) 所以 λ , λ2 , λ3 , λ4 是方程F(x) = 0的根,依据因式定理, ( ) F( x) = ( x ? λ ) x ? λ2 x ? λ3 x ? λ4 1) (2)设G(x) = F ( x 5 ) + xQ( x 5) x 2 R( x 5 ) = F ( x) S ( x)2) + 由(1)知,G(λ ) = G λ2 = G λ3 = G (λ4 ) = 0, 而p(1) + λQ(1) + λ2 R(1) = 0 ? 2 4 ? p(1) + λ Q(1) + λ R(1) = 0 ? 2 ? p (1) + λ Q(1) + λR(1) = 0 ? p (1) + λ4 Q(1) + λ3 R (1) = 0 ? 因为 T 1 = 0,由以上方程组易得: 4 3 2 P(1) = 0, Q (1) = 0, R (1) = 0 故由因式定理可知,x-1 是P(x),Q(x)和R(x)的因式,又根据(2) ,x-1 也是 F(x),S(x)的因式, 但x-1 不是 F(x)的因式,所以 x-1 是S(x)的因式 5.由题设a + b + c = 0,推出a + b + c = -(ab + bc + ca), a + b + c = 3abc, 即2222333-(ab + bc + ca) = 1 2 (a + b 2 + c 2 ) 2 1 abc = (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ) 3 因此(a 3 + b 3 + c 3 )(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) = a 5 + b 5 + c 5 + a 2 b 2 (a + b) + b 2 c 2 (b + c) + a 2 c 2 (a + c) = a 5 + b 5 + c 5 + a 2 b 2 (?c) + b 2 c 2 (? a ) + a 2 c 2 (?b) = a 5 + b 5 + c 5 + abc(ab + bc + ac) = a 5 + b5 + c5 + a3 + b3 + c3 a 2 + b2 + c 2 . 3 2 5 ∴ a 5 + b 5 + c 5 = (a 3 + b 3 + c 3 ).(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 ) 6 ∴ a5 + b5 + c5 a3 + b3 + c3 a 2 + b2 + c 2 . = 5 3 2 6.解:由试除法知,当k=2 时,有一次因式,为了探求二次因式,可用待定系数法,求得当 k=1 时, f ( x) = ( x 2 ? x + 1)( x 2 ? 2) 设4-x3?kx 2 + akx ? a = x 2 + mx + n)( x 2 + px + q ) ( = x 4 + ( p + m) x 3 + (q + mp + n) x 2 + (mq + np ) x + nq p + m = ?1.1) ? ?q + mp + n = ?k 2) ? 则有: ? ( ? mq + np = 2k 3) ? nq = ?2.4) ? 由(4) ,有??n=1?n=?1 ? n = 2 ? n = ?2 q = -2 ? q = 2 ?q = ?1? q = 1 ? n =1 把? 代入(3), 有-2m + p = 2k 5) ? q = ?2 ?m = ?1 2 ? ? m = ?1 + (1 ? k ) ? 3 6)故当K = 1? p = 0 由(1)(5)得: ? ? 2 ? p = (k ? 1) ? n =1 3 ? ? q=2 ? ? n =1 代入(2)不满足,故? 不合 ? q = ?2 4 7.解: (1)原式= x 4 + y 4 + x + y) + x 2 y 2 ? x 2 y 2 ( =