高考化学除杂方法大全(A complete collection of chemical methods in college entrance examination).docVIP
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高考化学除杂方法大全(A complete collection of chemical methods in college entrance examination)
高考化学除杂方法大全(A complete collection of chemical methods in college entrance examination)
1..N2 (O2) - hot copper wire 2Cu+O2=2CuO
2.CO2 (H2S): NaHCO3+H2S=NaHS+H2O+CO2 = NaHCO3 saturated solution
3.CO2 (CO) - glowing copper oxide CuO+CO=Cu+CO2
4.CO2 (HCL) - NaHCO3+H CL=NaCL+H2O+CO2 = NaHCO3 saturated solution
5.H2S (HCL) - saturated NaHS solution NaHS+HCL=NaCL+H2S
6.SO2 (HCL): NaHSO3+HCL=NaCL+H2O+SO2 = NaHSO3 saturated solution
7.CL2 (HCL) - with saturated salt water, HCL is soluble and CL2 insoluble
8.MNO2 (carbon) - 1. will ignite a mixture of calcium oxide C+CaO=Ca+CO2 = C+O2=CO2 or 2. pass into burning in oxygen (or high temperature conditions: 3.) pass into the hot iron + 3C+2Fe2O3=3CO2 = 4Fe
9. carbon (MNO2), hydrochloric acid (concentrated) MnO2+4HCl =MnCl2+Cl2 = +2H2O
10.C (CUO) - dilute hydrochloric acid CuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2O
11.AL2O3 (FE2O3) - this step cannot be removed!
Method 1: 1. Dissolve the solid mixture in excess sodium hydroxide solution, remove the iron oxide, and leave the filtrate. Al2O3+2OH-=2AlO2-+H2O 2, the excess CO2 is filtered into the filtrate, and Al (OH) 3 is obtained by heating, and then Al (OH) 3 is decomposed by heating. AlO2-+2H2O+CO2=Al (OH) 3+HCO3- 2Al (OH) 3=Al2O3+3H2O
Method two: 1. Dissolve a solid mixture in excess hydrochloric acid solution. It is a complete dissolution of the mixture. Al2O3+6H+=2Al3++3H2O Fe2O3+6H+=2Fe3++3H2O 2, adding an excess of NaOH solution, filtering to remove the precipitation of FE (OH) 3, Fe3++3OH-=Fe (OH) 3 Al3++4OH-=AlO-+2H2O 3, to pass into the filtrate excess CO2, filtering Al (OH) 3, Al (OH) 3 heating decomposition. AlO2-+2H2O+CO2=Al (OH) 3+HCO3- 2Al (OH) 3=Al2O3+3H2O, if it is reversed, add sodium hydroxide directly!
12.SIO2 (AL2O3) - adding dilute hydrochloric acid Al2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
13.FECL3 (FECL2) - pass in chlorine gas Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3
14.FECL2 (FECL3) - adding iron Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+FeCl2
15.NACL (NH4CL) - solid, heating NH4CL=NH3+HCL directly
16.C2H6 (C2H4) - the Potassium Permangana
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