等价关系在近世代数中及地位和作用.doc

本科毕业论文 论文题目： 等价关系在近世代数中的地位和作用 姓 名： 郝晓玉 学 号： 2007051132 系（部）： 数学系 专 业： 数学与应用数学 班 级： 2007级1班 指导教师： 李秀平 完成时间： 2011 年 04 月 摘 要 讨论了等价关系与集合分类的关系，进一步综合分析了等价关系与子集的陪集、不变子群、商群等的联系，最后介绍通过等价关系建立起来的群即商群与模的剩余类加群。 关键词：等价关系；群；陪集；商群 在高等代数中，有许多概念关系都是等价关系，如矩阵的相似关系、合同关系、矩阵的等价.而在近世代数中，等价关系更具有一般性，抽象性，具有十分重要的作用.将这个一般的概念运用到群论中去，可以得到陪集，商群的概念，利用等价关系分类得到的自然同态也就是群的同态基本定理的雏形，并且环论与等价关系也有密切的联系.因此，等价关系在近世代数中有重要的意义及广泛的应用.通过实例来加强对等价关系这个概念的理解及有关性质的证明，论述等价关系与群，陪集，商群之间的联系来说明等价关系在近世代数中的地位及重要性. 关键词：等价关系；群；陪集；商群 Abstract We first discuss the relation of equivalence relation and set classification,and then synthetically analyze the relations of equivalence relation and coset, subgroup, quotient group etc. Finally, we introduce the quotient group and the remainder plus group of mould n which are established by the equivalence relation. Keywords: Equivalence relation; Group; Coset; Quotient group Many concept relations are equivalence in advanced algebra,such as similar relations of matrix,contract relations and the equivalence of matrix.while in modern algebra,equivalence relation is more general and abstract and plays a very important role as well.When this general concept is used in theory of group,we can get coset and the concept of quotient group.When a group is classified by equivalence relation,we can get natural homomorphism,which is also the rudiment of fundamental theorem of homomorphism.ring theory and equivalent relation are closely linked.Therefore,equivalent relation is of important significance in modern algebra and is widely used.Some examples can be used to strengthen the comprehension of equivalent relation and the proof of cosets and relevant properties.The status and importance of equivalence relations,groups,consets an quotient groups.Relation in modern algebra can be illustrated by discussing the relations of equivalence. Keywords:equivalence relation;group;cosets;quotient group 目 录 目 录 前言 1 1 等价关系的概念 1 1.1关系的定义 1 1.2等价关系的定义 2 2 等价关系与集合的分类 2 2.1 集合分类 2 2.2 同余关系 3 3 等价