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A Directory of Medical Tests Taking a medical history and performing a physical examination usually provide the information a doctor needs to evaluate a person’s health or to understand what is causing an illness. But sometimes, doctors need to order tests to find out more. Here are some common tests and what they involve: Blood Tests ? Complete Blood Count (CBC). A CBC measures the levels of different types of blood cells. By determining if there are too many or not enough of each blood cell type, a CBC can help to detect a wide variety of illnesses or signs of infection. ? Blood Chemistry Test. Basic blood chemistry tests measure the levels of certain electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, in the blood. Doctors typically order them to look for any sign of kidney dysfunction, diabetes, metabolic disorders, and tissue damage. ? Liver Function Test. Liver function tests check to see how the liver is working and look for any sort of liver damage or inflammation. Radiology Tests ? X-Rays. X-rays can help doctors find a variety of conditions, including broken bones and lung infections. ? Ultrasound. Though they’re typically associated with pregnancy, doctors order ultrasounds in lots of different cases. The images seen on most ultrasounds are difficult for the untrained eye to decipher, so a doctor will view the image and interpret it. ? Computed Tomography (CAT scan or CTScan). CAT scans are a kind of X-ray, and typically are ordered to look for things such as appendicitis, internal bleeding, or abnormal growths. A scan may require the use of a contrast material (a dye or other substance) to improve the visibility of certain tissues or blood vessels. ? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRIs use radio waves and magnetic fields to produce an image. MRIs are often used to look at bones, joints, and the brain. Contrast material is sometimes given through an IV in order to get a better picture of certain structure