非线性方程求根及数值算法分析.docVIP

非线性方程求根的数值算法分析 摘 要 众所周知，代数方程求根问题是一个古老的数学问题。早在16世纪就找到了三次、四次方程的求根公式。但直到19世纪才证明了次的一般代数方程是不能用代数公式求解的，或者求解非常复杂。因此需要研究用数值方法求得满足一定精度的代数方程的近似解。 在工程和科学技术中许多问题常归结为求解非线性方程的问题。正因为非线性方程求根问题是如此重要的基础，因此它的求根问题很早就引起了人们的兴趣，并得到了许多成熟的求解方法。 本课题主要介绍非线性方程的数值解法是直接从方程出发，逐步缩小根的存在区间，或逐步将根的近似值精确化，直到满足问题对精度的要求，主要的方法有逐步搜索法、二分法，迭代法，并写出这几种非线性方程的数值解法的算法步骤和例题，最后通过一个实际问题建立数学模型，用三种方法进行计算，得出结果并进行比较。 关键词： 非线性方程；寻根搜索法；二分法;迭代法；近似解 THE ANALYSIS ABOUT NUMERICAL FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR EQUATION ABSTRACT As we all know, it is an ancient problem about finding roots of algebraic equations. As early as 16th century ,people have found extract roots formulas of cubic equation and quartic equation. But it was not until the 19th century general algebraic equation is pr oved that time cannot use algebraic formula,or solving very complex.Therefore need to be studied using numerical methods to obtain approximate solutions to meet certain precision algebraic equations. There are many problems in engineering and science and technology often attributed to the problem of solving nonlinear equations. Because roots of non- linearequations on the basis of the problem is so important, so its the root problem have long attracted the interest of the people, and got many mature solu- tion. This topic mainly introduces the numerical solution of nonlinear equation that i-sdirectly from the equation, gradually reduce the existence of root range, or ro-ot of approximation will be accurate, until meet the requirements of the proble-m of accuracy. There are three methods, the method of step searching, dichoto-myie and the method of iterative, and then I will write this several algorithm steps and examples of numerical methods for solution of nonlinear equation, fi-nally, I will establish a practical problem, and use three problems to solve the problem, at last, I will make a comparison of these three kinds of method. Key words: Nonlinear equations；Roots search method; Dichotomy; Iteration method; The approximate solutions1 问题背景