数据库原理第一章讲义.pdfVIP

Lecture 2 The Relational Model of Data 数据的关系模型 2 3 Outline • 2.1 An Overview of Data Models • 2.2 Basics of the Relational Model • 2.3 Defining a Relational Schema in SQL 4 Outline • 2.1 An Overview of Data Models • 2.2 Basics of the Relational Model • 2.3 Defining a Relational Schema in SQL 5 What is a Data Model? • A data model – A notation for describing data or information • Consists of three parts – Structure of the data 结构 – Operations on the data 操作 – Constraints on the data 约束 6 Structure of the Data • Data structure in programming languages – Arrays, structures, objects (C or Java) – Physical data model • In the database world – At higher level than data structures – Conceptual data model 7 Operations on the Data • In programming languages – Anything that can be programmed • In the database data model – A limited set of operations • Queries • Modifications – Limitation is not a weakness, but a strength 8 Constraints on the Data • Describing limitations on what the data can be – Simple • A day of the week is an integer between 1 and 7 • A movie has at most one title – Complex • Assertions • Triggers