(数据挖掘课件）chap2_data.ppt

(C) Vipin Kumar, Parallel Issues in Data Mining, VECPAR 2002 (C) Vipin Kumar, Parallel Issues in Data Mining, VECPAR 2002 Data Mining: Data What is Data? Collection of data objects and their attributes An attribute is a property or characteristic of an object Examples: eye color of a person, temperature, etc. Attribute is also known as variable, field, characteristic, or feature A collection of attributes describe an object Object is also known as record, point, case, sample, entity, or instance Attribute Values Attribute values are numbers or symbols assigned to an attribute Distinction between attributes and attribute values Same attribute can be mapped to different attribute values Example: height can be measured in feet or meters Different attributes can be mapped to the same set of values Example: Attribute values for ID and age are integers But properties of attribute values can be different ID has no limit but age has a maximum and minimum value Measurement of Length The way you measure an attribute is somewhat may not match the attributes properties. Types of Attributes There are different types of attributes Nominal Examples: ID numbers, eye color, zip codes Ordinal Examples: rankings (e.g., taste of potato chips on a scale from 1-10), grades, height in {tall, medium, short} Interval Examples: calendar dates, temperatures in Celsius or Fahrenheit. Ratio Examples: temperature in Kelvin, length, time, counts Properties of Attribute Values The type of an attribute depends on which of the following properties it possesses: Distinctness: = ? Order: Addition: + - Multiplication: * / Nominal attribute: distinctness Ordinal attribute: distinctness order Interval attribute: distinctness, order addition Ratio attribute: all 4 properties Discrete and Continuous Attributes Discrete Attribute Has only a finite or countably infinite set of values Examples: zip codes, counts, or the set of words in a collection of documents Oft