a hierarchical spatio-temporal markov model for improved flood mapping using multi-temporal x-band sar data层次提高洪水时空马尔可夫模型映射使用时段遥测x波段sar数据.pdfVIP

Remote Sensing 2010, 2, 2240-2258; doi:10.3390/rs2092240 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article A Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Markov Model for Improved Flood Mapping Using Multi-Temporal X-Band SAR Data Sandro Martinis * and AndréTwele German Aerospace Center (DLR), German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany; E-Mail: andre.twele@dlr.de * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: sandro.martinis@dlr.de; Tel.: +49-8153-283-034; Fax: +49-8153-281-445. Received: 28 July 2010; in revised form: 10 September 2010 / Accepted: 10 September 2010 / Published: 17 September 2010 Abstract: In this contribution, a hybrid multi-contextual Markov model for unsupervised near real-time flood detection in multi-temporal X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is presented. It incorporates scale-dependent, as well as spatio-temporal contextual information, into the classification scheme, by combining hierarchical marginal posterior mode (HMPM) estimation on directed graphs with noncausal Markov image modeling related to planar Markov random fields (MRFs). In order to increase computational performance, marginal posterior-based entropies are used for restricting the iterative bi-directional exchange of spatio-temporal information between consecutive images of a time sequence to objects exhibiting a low probability, to be classified correctly