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a hybrid sensing approach for pure and adulterated honey classification纯和掺假蜂蜜混合传感方法分类.pdf

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a hybrid sensing approach for pure and adulterated honey classification纯和掺假蜂蜜混合传感方法分类

Sensors 2012, 12, 14022-14040; doi:10.3390/s121014022 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article A Hybrid Sensing Approach for Pure and Adulterated Honey Classification Norazian Subari 1, Junita Mohamad Saleh 1,*, Ali Yeon Md Shakaff 2 and Ammar Zakaria 2 1 School of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; E-Mail: aziansubari@.my 2 Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sensor Technology (CEASTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 0100 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia; E-Mails: aliyeon@.my (A.Y.M.S.); ammarzakaria@.my (A.Z.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jms@eng.usm.my . Received: 17 August 2012; in revised form: 19 September 2012 / Accepted: 29 September 2012 / Published: 17 October 2012 Abstract: This paper presents a comparison between data from single modality and fusion methods to classify Tualang honey as pure or adulterated using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical classification approaches. Ten different brands of certified pure Tualang honey were obtained throughout peninsular Malaysia and Sumatera, Indonesia. Various concentrations of two types of sugar solution (beet and cane sugar) were used in this investigation to create honey samples of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% adulteration concentrations. Honey data extracted from an electronic nose