a self-optimizing scheme for energy balanced routing in wireless sensor networks using sensorant自优化方案在无线传感器网络能量均衡路由使用sensorant.pdfVIP

Sensors 2012, 12, 11307-11333; doi:10.3390/s120811307 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article A Self-Optimizing Scheme for Energy Balanced Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using SensorAnt Ahmed M. Shamsan Saleh *, Borhanuddin Mohd Ali, Mohd Fadlee A. Rasid and Alyani Ismail Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mails: borhan@.my (B.M.A.); fadlee@.my (M.F.A.R.); alyani@.my (A.I.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ah_almshreqy@. Received: 7 June 2012; in revised form: 23 July 2012 / Accepted: 3 August 2012 / Published: 15 August 2012 Abstract: Planning of energy-efficient protocols is critical for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) because of the constraints on the sensor nodes’ energy. The routing protocol should be able to provide uniform power dissipation during transmission to the sink node. In this paper, we present a self-optimization scheme for WSNs which is able to utilize and optimize the sensor nodes’ resources, especially the batteries, to achieve balanced energy consumption across all sensor nodes. This method is based on the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic which is adopted to enhance the paths with the best quality function. The assessment of this function depends on multi-criteria metrics such as the minimum residual battery power, hop count